Corsi di studio in
Farmacia - Chimica e tecnologia farmaceutiche

The aim is to obtain basic knowledge on the human anatomy from a functional point of view. Attention will be drawn in particular on the study of microscopical anatomy.

The student should be able to describe the morphofunctional organization of the human body, and the spatial relationships among the organs. Moreover, he should be able to describe the microscopical organization of the different organs.

The course will be held in presence and online (via live streaming) in Prof. Boda's webex room. Videorecordings of the lessons and slides will be available in Moodle. "Practice/review" videorecordings (made by Dr. Vittorio Monasterolo, in charge of the Dissection Room of the Anatomy Institute, Univeristy of Turin, with real anatomy structures and models; available on the Drive folder shared with Students) will be also made available on Moodle.

Generalities on tissue histology: epithelial tissue, connective tissue (adipose, cartilage, bone), muscle, nervous tissue.
Terminology: terms of position and movement, reference lines, regions and cavities of the human body.
Skeletal system: generalities on bones, muscles and joints; vertebral column and thorax: general and specific characteristics of vertebrae, sternum and ribs, intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the column and of the thorax, the diaphragm; morphofunctional data; abdominal wall and inguinal channel; the skull: splancnocranium and neurocranium, as an overall view (inner and outer aspects, nasal and paranasal cavities, orbita, buccal cavity); temporomandibular joint, mimic, masticatory and neck muscles in brief.
Cardiovascular system: heart: inner and outer aspects, topography; cardiac striated muscle, conduction system, fibrous skeleton of the heart; heart innervation; pericardium; coronary circle; generalities on arteries and veins (elastic and muscular, capillaries); pulmonary circulation; systemic circulation: aorta (ascending, arch and descending) with the main parietal and visceral branches; caval and portal systems, and their anastomoses; brain vascularization: circle of Willis and dural sinuses.
Digestive system: mouth and tooth; farinx, oesophagus, stomach, duodenus, digiune and ileus, cecum and appendix, colon and rectum. Peritoneum in brief. Liver and epatic classic lobule; biliary tract. Endocrine and esocrine pancreas.
Respiratory system: nasal and paranasal cavities, larinx (cartilages, muscles and innervation in brief), trachea, extra- and intrapulmonary bronchi, lungs (lobe, zone, lobule and alveolus), pleura (costodiaphragmatic sinuses).
Endocrine system: Hypothalamus and hypophysis: morphofunctional aspects. Thyroid and parathyroids. Adrenal gland. Endocrine activities of testicles and ovaries.
Lymphatic system: thymus, spleen, lymphnodes and lymphatic vessels.
Mammary gland.
Urogenital system. Kidney and its vessels; nephron. Ureters, urinary bladder, male and female urethra in brief. Testicle and spermatic vessels. Prostate. Penis. Ovary, uterine tubes, uterus and vagina.
Neuroanatomy: overview of the central and peripheral nervous system. Spinal cord and encephalon. Main neural pathways (motor and sensitive) and related nuclei. 

The student must have a basic knowledge in basic cell biology.